Using Love to Justify Sex in A Very Short Story Essay

Using Love to Justify Sex in A Very Short Story At first glance unusually normal, at second glance unusually striking, the title A Very Short Story reveals Hemingways perception of a perhaps unforgotten war experience. Man went to war. He met woman. They spent many nights together. They considered marriage. He went home without her. She moved on. He moved on. The end. The story, the relation of events, is indeed short. This is not eternal spiritual love; instead, this is the animalistic, barbaric sexual act- sex and love for the sole purpose and convenience of sex itself. Then it is over. The story begins on ONE HOT evening in Padua (Hemingway, 65), hot relating to passionate feelings, and evening as the perfect†¦show more content†¦They were glad to let her. (65). Her relationship was such with the patient, and so allowed and approved, that she spent the night shift indeed, in his bed. Hemingway writes that, ridiculously enough, After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. (65); he performed the nurses medical duties, that her physical exertion might only be spent nightly in their erotic activities. This role switching is given two thumbs up by the other patients, who all knew about it. They all liked Luz., and our character, As he walked back along the halls after lessening the nurses work load, thought of Luz in his bed. (65), awaiting his return. Thus the author gives us two descriptions of episodes, both physical, neither emotional, of contact between the characters. This is enough, of course, to qualify for marriage talk, as the soldier is soon leaving for the front. The erotic love affair, however, doesnt move much beyond mere talk, because, they wanted to get married, but there was not enough time ... neither of them had birth certificates. (65). They felt as though they were married, and, they acted as if they were married, but they wanted every one to know about it, and to make it so they could not lose it. (65); it seemed a good idea, to secure a merely physical bond between two people with legal documentation. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Socially Constructed Practice of Masculinity in Literature1389 Words   |  5 Pagesfigure. McMurphy views the feminine as destructive to men and fights back in an attempt to defeat the â€Å"Combine,† or cold war society, that suppresses masculine identity and heteronormative sexual performance. Joe uses the practice of masculinity to justify acts of violence against women: as the supreme being, he can control the weaker gender for his benefit. Henry is fighting in World War 2 for the Italians throughout most of A Farewell to Arms not because he wants to fight for democracy or gain honorRead MoreJudith Sargent Murray s On The Equality Of The Sexes 1408 Words   |  6 Pageslikely be considered a true feminist, as she does recognize that there are roles specifically assigned for women and men. However, Murray was also a powerful author who understood her audience and social landscape of her time well. The way Murray justifies her thoughts about feminism and her conscious and purposeful framing of her arguments to make them more palatable is a timeless tactic practiced especially by women, as women’s voices and opinions are not well received at face value. In this paperRead MoreThe History Boys Comedy Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe History Boys such an iconic play is its witty comedic effect throughout the entire book. 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Literature Review Issuance of the death penalty is not a new practice in the United States, especially not in Florida. The death penalty has been a well-established, though highly controversial, practice in the UnitedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not A New Practice Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesGeorgia, and consequently, it was the first state to perform an actual execution after the court case settled. Though many citizens and politicians consider the state of Florida harsher than most states concerning the death sentence, it still falls short in one respect: gender bias. Literature Review ​Issuance of the death penalty is not a new practice in the United States, especially not in Florida. The death penalty has been a highly respectable; though criticized and controversial, form ofRead MoreDeath Constant Beyond Love2022 Words   |  9 Pagesdecide that their life was not what they believed. 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In the early stages of this novel, when Humbert Humbert first sees Lolita in the grass he is instantly taken back to his childhood love, â€Å"there was my RivieraRead MoreCorrelation Between Media Violence and Aggression Essay2342 Words   |  10 Pages The media in today’s society is very influential on children. There are many things that children at a very young age are learning, for example violence. Many children learn violent behavior and they become violent and aggressive children because they are exposed to so much mature content. Many parents are not aware of what their children are watching, and without knowing it, their children are raised by the media. Many television shows contain a lot of violence, for example kids fighting each

Historical Perspective in the Essays of Susan Griffin,...

Historical Perspective in the Essays of Susan Griffin, Richard Rodriguez, and Ralph Ellison (Our Secret, Extravagance of Laughter, The Achievement of Desire) Susan Griffin’s â€Å"Our Secret† is an essay in which she carefully constructs and describes history, particularly World War II, through the lives of several different people. Taken from her book A Chorus of Stones, her concepts may at first be difficult to grasp; however David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky say that, â€Å"Griffin writes about the past - how we can know it, what its relation to the present, why we should care. In the way she writes, she is also making an argument about how we can know and understand the past†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Griffin strikes all of†¦show more content†¦In her personal history, she describes her life, and her childhood, which intertwines with her family history. However, she not only talks about her histories, she talks about the histories of the other characters in the essay to bring across the larger world history. One of the technique’s that Griffin uses to help the audience understand her concepts, is explaining two other story lines while telling her main story. The first one is a description of a cell. Throughout the essay, italicized sentences explaining the intricacies of a cell are placed seemingly randomly between passages. The description begins with a nucleus, and as the story progresses, so does the nucleus. Griffin tells what happens to the nucleus, and how the inner-workings of the nucleus develops into a cell, which gives rise to many cells, which will eventually become an embryo. He other story line, also italicized sentences, goes through the making and beginning of missiles. Later in the essay, Griffin explains how the one missile develops into a bigger and more effective missile. These separate story lines are placed within the story to explain that everyone has a background, and a past. The background and past are factors in developing the present and future; and certain characters in the story had a tendency to try to forget their past, not realizing that there is no escape from it. Griffin illustrates this technique most vividly with

Quality Street Monologue Essay Paper Example For Students

Quality Street Monologue Essay Paper A monologue from the play by J. M. Barrie NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Quality Street. J.M. Barrie. London: Hodder Stoughton, 1913. PHOEBE: I am tired of being ladylike. I am a young woman still, and to be ladylike is not enough. I wish to be bright and thoughtless and merry. It is every woman\s birthright to be petted and admired; I wish to be petted and admired. Was I born to be confined within these four walls? Are they the world, Susan, or is there anything beyond them? I want to know. My eyes are tired because for ten years they have seen nothing but maps and desks. Ten years! Ten years ago I went to bed a young girl and I woke up with this cap on my head. It is not fair. This is not me, Susan, this is some other person, I want to be myself. If you only knew how I have rebelled at times, you would turn from me in horror. I have a picture of myself as I used to be; I sometimes look at it. I sometimes kiss it, and say, Poor girl, they have all forgotten you. But I remember. I keep it locked away in my room. Would you like to see it? I shall bring it down. My room! Oh, it is there that the Phoebe you think so p atient has the hardest fight with herself, for there I have seemed to hear and see the Phoebe of whom this is but an image in a distorted glass. I have heard her singing as if she thought she was still a girl. I have heard her weeping; perhaps it was only I who was weeping; but she seemed to cry to me, Let me out of this prison, give me back the years you have taken from me. Where is my youth? Oh, where are my pretty curls?

Internet as means of social interaction

Table of Contents Blogs Websites Success strategies Conclusion Works Cited Since its discovery, the internet has significantly transformed the way people interact and socialize. The twenty first century in particular has seen a dynamic shift in the way people communicate and meet other people. Popular social and interaction sites such as facebook, youtube, twitter, hi5, Yahoo personals, MSN dating, MySpace, tagged and matchmaker among several other websites have created an environment that boosts human interaction through providing a platform or interface that simplifies interaction.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internet as means of social interaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from communication and meeting new people, the internet has also created a means to which single individuals willing to find a companion can meet. Match making services are a lucrative business available online and several couples have met through the internet and are contented with the outcome. Despite the ambiguity that is associated with the internet, testimonials from love seekers indicate that many individuals who have taken the risk of seeking a partner online have had rewarding long distance relationships. It is therefore imperative to understand the environment facilitated by the internet in order to comprehend the rate of success. Blogs Blogs are personalized web pages that allow individuals to communicate and have discussions over a given theme. Anyone can write a blog and this makes blogs diverse in substance and application especially in social interaction. The miscellany associated with blogs allows for diversification of portfolios as far as individuals are concerned (Boothman 1). Blogs facilitate the flexibility needed to handle a large number of individuals with different interests. For instance, blogs will allow for the convergence of specific groups of individuals that sh are a common interest (Culbreth 44). In reference to the dating scene, blogs will make it possible for individuals with specific tastes and preferences to meet through their exclusive blogs (Thompson 3). For example there are interracial dating blogs, blogs pertaining the dating for specific religions, professional singles blogs, over forty years dating blogs, same sex dating blogs, among others. Blogs are also highly regarded when an individual wishes to create their own profile for online social interaction. A profile is a self assessment of an individual, with reference to gender, age, physical attributes, academic achievements, professional status, taste and preferences (Boothman 1). Profiles are used to identify who that individual is both in personality and physically and it may contain a photo of the person. Prospective partners will have to read a person’s profile so as to decide whether the person is more than likely to fulfill their specific needs (Thompson 1).Adver tising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Websites The late twentieth and the twenty first century has been a period of online dating explosion. The majority of the engagement websites have proven their success though several testimonials about couples who have met through internet dating services (Boothman 1). Further analysis of these matches has revealed that most of these couples had been successful with long distance relationships over a sustained period of time before they met physically (Nixon 23). Match.com, one of the most successful online dating websites has been responsible for the highest number of weddings and engagements subsequent to online dating (Culbreth 61). For instance 56 billion first emails are sent per year whereas 12 couples get married or engaged on a daily basis due to Match.com. In addition, users of match.com go on 6 million dates each year and out of ev ery 1,369 dates, one date leads to marriage on Match.com (OPW 1). Match.com makes one million dollars a day from subscription revenues indicating the success rate of this website. EHarmony, a working partner to match.com recently released statistics that revealed the success rate of the company (OPW 1). One hundred and eighteen couples get married or engaged each day and the website receives twelve thousand to fifteen thousand new users every day meaning there is a full audience turnover every 7 months (OPW 1). These websites have developed certain strategies to ensure that they remain ahead of the competition and stay on top of the online dating scene. Even though the success of online dating is overwhelming, the online dating has had its difficulty. The first failure of online dating is the non committal approach people have towards internet dating (Culbreth 42). Most individuals do not take the online dating seriously and will often drop an online partner because the emotional at tachment between them is not very strong regardless of the other person’s feelings (OPW 1). Online dating provides an opportunity for cyber bullies and other forms of cyber criminals to pry on ignorant victims (Nixon 29). Online abuse through embarrassment and vulgar language is common, and victims can be heart broken especially if they felt attracted to a cyber criminal then got embarrassed. Such examples are rampant and some criminals even go further to meet a victim personally in order to ham them. There is also a chance that one can alter their profile to appear as someone who they are not and this vagueness is dangerous and a perfect disguise for criminals (Nixon 31).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internet as means of social interaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such cases are always in the media, for instance the story on Sheryl Thompson of Atlanta in 2001. Ms Thompson had dated he r online partner for almost two years before they met on March 21, 2001(Culbreth 72). They went on a date that evening and Sheryl was never seen again, only to de found murdered four days later. However, the good outweigh the evil and several couples like the Gardeners of Chicago, Illinois, who met online at match.com. The youthful professionals dated long distance for over six months before they met physically. They are currently married with two children thanks to internet dating (Nixon 57). Success strategies The websites always make sure that before the new members’ profiles are presented in the singles room for public view, the individual and profile goes through a vetting process to make sure that the data availed is as truthful as possible (Renaldvo 1).The efficiency of the websites is further boosted by the use of Compatibility Analysis feature. This feature helps members contact people with whom they are more likely to get positive reactions from (Culbreth 47). Membe rs are advised to go for individuals who have a seventy-five to one hundred percent compatibility rate. The feature is however not to be used alone rather through a combination of information like profiles and personal interests (Thompson 2). Members are encouraged to write to only the people they are interested in. Due to the number of profiles available on the websites, it is easy to write to many individuals. Members are advised of the importance of thoroughly scrutinizing the profiles and only write to individuals who have a lot in common with the members. The use of the Active/Inactive feature is also another great way which has helped maintain the websites’ success rates. This feature is an indicator of whether a given member is currently willing and looking for a date or whether they are â€Å"inactive†. When an individual is inactive, it means they are temporarily unavailable from the dating scene (Renaldvo 1). If the individual is inactive for a sustained peri od of time, it is more than likely they are in a transition period or they have found someone. This feature has added great value to the websites by allowing the elimination of the inactive ones so that only active members can fully engage (Nixon 19).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although there are a great number of people who join dating websites every day, there are several other individuals who leave the dating websites due to a variety of reasons. Some leave because they have given up while others leave because they have found a partner they are comfortable with. What makes the match.com uniquely different is the encouragement they give to the members who may feel like giving up (Renaldvo 1). Such individuals will receive encouragement emails from the administrators who seek to reassure them of the imminence of a life long companion. That is one of the great resolves these websites have over their competitors. The websites pride themselves in the number of marriages and engagements facilitated by the sites. It is therefore within their value system that every member that joins has to leave with a satisfactory partner (Boothman 1). Conclusion The introduction of the internet as a tool to make social interaction possible has without a doubt created a bridg e that links the world. Individuals in any country in the world can date long distance for several months before they even have a conversation over the telephone. The internet has also made it possible for individuals seeking a life partner to literally validate the available ones by looking at their profiles. Therefore, finding a suitable date over the internet has proved to be faster, easier and cost effective when compared to the physical dating. Works Cited Boothman, Nicholas. Internet Dating: Advantages, Disadvantages and Advice, 2007. Web. Culbreth, Judsen. The Boomer’s Guide to Online Dating. New York: Rodale inc., 2007. Print. Nixon, Cherry. Internet Dating. London: babani computer books, 2007. Print. Online Personal Watch (OPW). â€Å"Match.com and eHarmony Success Rates published†. 2009. Web. Renaldvo, Mike. Success Factors for Match.com. Intimacy journal,  2009. Web. Thompson, Dorothy. Talking Books with Internet Dating Expert Cherie Burbach, 2009. Web. This research paper on Internet as means of social interaction was written and submitted by user Landon Massey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Top 500 Polluting Companies

Picking Nits, Not Nicks

Picking Nits, Not Nicks Picking Nits, Not Nicks Picking Nits, Not Nicks By Maeve Maddox Apparently some modern speakers are happily unacquainted with head lice. This lack of knowledge may explain the confusion illustrated by the following examples: If you want to lose a friend, all you have to do is to continue to nick pick and find fault with everything that they do or everything that they say. My husband and I nick pick at everything at each other. How can I stop this? Gamers are great at nickpicking while avoiding actual analysis. Not sure if I’m only seeing negative stuff or I’m just nickpicking. What should I do? I feel Teacher is nickpicking on my son. The verb forms for the actions being described in these examples are nitpick and nitpicking. To nitpick is to find fault with every little thing, no matter how inconsequential. The expression derives from the literal act of looking for nits, which are quite small. As a former volunteer school â€Å"head checker,† I know what it is to comb through a child’s hair, strand by strand, looking for nits. nit (noun): The egg of a louse or other insect parasitic on humans or animals; specifically, the egg of a head louse when attached to hair. From the mid-1600s until the late 1700s, ostentatious wigs were fashionable among the wealthy. One of the most memorable passages in the diary of Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) references the pitfalls of patronizing a wigmaker who failed to boil the merchandise before delivery: â€Å"I did go to the Swan; and there sent for Jervas my old periwig-maker and he did bring me a periwig; but it was full of  nits, so as I was troubled to see it (it being his old fault) and did send him to make it clean.† Note: A periwig is a highly stylized wig still worn by British barristers and judges. (The adjective old is not a typo for own. This wasn’t the first time Jervas had sent Pepys an infested wig.) It’s not necessary to hyphenate nitpick or nitpicking. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Rules for Capitalization in TitlesHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

4.3 Analysis of Strategic Factors Research Paper

4.3 Analysis of Strategic Factors - Research Paper Example The strengths of the organization help to improve the current and future performance of the organization. Other strength of the organization is the highly qualified medical staff members who have the knowledge about the use of innovative technology for better treatment. The medical staff members deliver flexible treatment to the patient. In this respect, medical staff members provide services to multiple numbers of patients, which enhance the current as well as future performance of the organization. The organization is also identified to be having certain weakness that can affect its current and future performance to a large extent (Ascension Health, 2015). The organization does not have adequate resources and therefore, the organizational structure cannot be improved and correspondingly, it can affect the performance of the organization. The number of specialized doctors for handing the serious case is very few in the organization and accordingly, the doctors face problem at time o f providing treatment in different serious cases. Therefore to improve the current along with future performance of the organization, critical or expert doctors should be available in the organization to handle the serious cases (Ascension Health, 2015; Hunger & Wheelen, 2010). The organization also has certain opportunities that can positively affect its future performance. The several opportunities can be to develop number of healthcare centers in several places. In this context, the organization possessing expert medical staff members can expand its medical services in several services and can provide services to increased number of patients. Other opportunity can be to develop healthcare programs through which people can know about the organization and also about the treatment to be provided by the medical staff members of the organization. Along with certain opportunities, the organization also has certain threats that

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Tuesdays with Morrie - Essay Example None of us has our death in vision. We know it is coming to come one day but for almost all of us, the day is quite far. Young people, like me, think of death only in the far future tense. We know it is going to come, but we assume that we will die of old age. I quite understand what Morrie means when he says that once we know how to die, we learn to live. When we see our death near, we begin to enjoy life; otherwise we take life for granted. Reading this lesson my Morrie, I remembered a time when I had a near brush with death during a car accident. Though I was able to survive without even a scratch, I was able to experience live. Instead of being scared or depressed, I was rejuvenated. The rest of the day, I began to feel light and bouncy. I felt alive as I was able to observe the smallest detail around me that I would otherwise ignore. I was able to observe the love in mother’s eyes and the concern in the way my father talked to me. But as days passed by, I became engrossed in my ordinary life and forgot the entire experience until I read the statement by Morris. I agree with it but it saddens me that we only live fully when we know that death is near. We continue to do this unconsciously and I do not think I would be able to control this. By this statement, Morris means the exact opposite of what we assume of this statement in the first analysis. When Morris says, learn to detach (Albom, 103), he does not go against his first principle of living life. On the contrary, one can only learn to detach when they have experienced an emotion or feeling fully. For instance, Morris has fully experienced what pain is. He can experience how he will die and because he knows the feeling, he can go against it in the opposite direction and detach himself. I again quite agree with Morris on this. Most of the times, we are afraid of certain things that we run away from them. People continue to hoard money knowing that they may never be able to spend

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in Essay

Past market failure and present development of Marks and Spencer in internationalization - Essay Example The promotional strategies in UK were not successful as the company was implementing strategies which were old fashioned and outdated. Instead, the company decided on using celebrity endorsement strategies using big celebrities such as Elizabeth Jagger, Twiggy, Danii Minogue, Laura Bailey etc, to target UK customers (Hackley, 2009). Looking at the present promotional strategies, the company thought that celebrity endorsement will be the best strategy for creating positive brand equity. Since most of the products of the retail chain are perceived to be of high quality and sourced in an ethical manner, the pricing strategy for grocery products has been placed above average (Alon, 2006). The target management strategy which M&S has been following is to be in line with luxury brands such as John Lewis, Bhs, Debenhams and Next. However, apparel pricing is lower than rest of the brands as the retail chain wants its products to be affordable (Kotabe and Helsen, 2001). Distribution strategie s are planned so that products are able to reach target customers through the most efficient channel. Most of the distribution channels are backed by wholesalers, retailers, online sales, forwarding and customs clearing agent, sales executives from the company etc (Zhao, Niu and Castillo, 2010). The objective is to increase the overall customer reach. Therefore location has been the key priority for M&S while establishing its base in any foreign country. In most of the foreign countries, M&S have chosen those geographical locations which are near to the major trading areas as well as attract local customers from the surroundings (Fernie, 1992). Most of the company stores are located... Even though Marks and Spencer has been able to retain its position as a pioneer in retail products, it is no surprise that the company needs new strategies, media channels and distribution plans in order to establish itself as the most preferred one-stop retail store. New formats of the model retail will have to be developed in order to revive its positioning in the international market. Marks and Spencer has always been known for its knowledge of exact customer demands. They have always been a customer friendly organisation. Thus the first step for the retail chain will be to retain this place. In order to do this the company will have to arrange a comprehensive data base of customers in the country where the company has established its base. This can be achieved through a number of sources such as national geo-demographics, panels specialising in industry details such as fashion and national lifestyle lists. The company can also use details from its active accounts which are more t han 4 million in number as of now. Once the company gets sufficient information from the database, the next target will be to attract these customers. In order to do this customer can be divided into specific target segments according to age, demographics, gender and lifestyle etc. For example, to target women the company can hire local product designers who will be responsible for designing popular and largely accepted clothing range. The company can also cross-merchandise various ranges and spread offers across various relevant channels. Point of sale displays and advertisements can also be created in order to attract this specific segment. Customer feedback is another strategy which can be very helpful in making effective marketing and management strategies

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay Nobody can reject that money is really important in life , it helps us do whatever we like and a statement is given to discuss that all you need is money to be an entrepreneur. I do not totally agree with this statement because of some reasons and this essay will describe, indicate different elements and prove that money is not all for its success. With evidence of reading and researching I think that being an entrepreneur need more things such as: the passion, ability and experience. The passion it will help you a strong motivation to implement your ambition. Of course, an entrepreneur has to have good ability with many fields; they will run and manage their business right direction which they desire. Business always faces with many risks, suffers from pressures around and a leaders need get over them quickly. Moreover they need have innovative strategies and motivations for products services to compete with other companies. And the other important thing is experience, it will help a leader an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business are to assist you find suitable solutions .When experience has a lots , you can treat and control sudden situations more exactly. Being an entrepreneur need many different elements to support and money is not all. As Harold, G (n.d) said that: In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. We can see that money plays an important role but it doesnt decide everything and entrepreneur should have and combine all elements together, they will get the better effects to maintain and develop their business. All you need is money to be an entrepreneur. The passion which is defined as the energy that can bring you more into what you do.I totally agree that the passion is the first element which helps us strong motivations to get the desire. You can get your personal satisfaction, financial purpose, stable attitude and enjoyment with what you want to put into your business. So if you do not have any passion with jobs, you will be difficult to succeed in running your business. You have to think of yourself as an entrepreneur so you will have a deep responsibility with your choices. You learn how to organize and maintain business through researching related resources and have right directions as real experts. As we know Oprah W (n.d) is one of the most famous entrepreneurs through her media and publishing interests. She is called as queen of media over the world. Her passion quotes was that: Passion is energy. Feel the power that comes from focusing on what excites you or Ignoring your passion is like dying a slow deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦P assion whispers to you through your feelings, beckoning you toward your highest good. Pay attention to what makes you feel energized, connected, stimulated- what gives you your juice. Do what you love, give it back in the form of service, and you will do more than succeed. You will triumph or Donald T (n.d) is one of millionaires with quote without passion you dont have energy, without energy you have nothing or Nothing is as important as passion. No matter what you want to do with your life, be passionate of Jon Bon Jovi (n.d) is a famous musician, song writer. Through many famous quotes of successful entrepreneurs agree that the passion is really important to help you follow the dreams and ambitions so passion is one elements to contribute and build an entrepreneur. Moreover to be an entrepreneur need ability which is the second element, it is expressed with many aspects such as: skills, knowledge etc. As  Lou H (n.d) said that: ability is what youre capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it or Donald K (n.d) has quote that A man of ability and the desire to accomplish something can do anything. We can see the second element which is really important is ability. Firstly if you have ability, you will know how to run business right direction based on your skills. You have to create the great ideas and evaluate them how to impact to your business. Your business plans must be shown your goals, strategies; action steps and answers some questions such as: who is your customer? How is your business plans implemented? What are my objectives, strategies, action steps to get your goals? Can you think of ways to solve problems? How much money can yours earn? etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦( Tamara, M n.d) so you must be a creative mind if you want to become an entrepreneurs. Always think of costs, manufacture time, output and quality of products or services which bring benefits for yours. You need to take time, calculation, describe detail about your products or services which can satisfy customers. You have to analyze about market, demand and supply in order to you can give innovative strategy to compete with other competitors.   With your ideas investors will be interested in investment their money and bring many opportunities to develop yours. With problems and troubles, you are not able to forecast consequences which can happen to your business so an entrepreneur need know how to face with taking risks and suffering from pressures around. You always have to remember a sentence: Failure is the mother of success to take experiences and find how to get over them. Many businesses had serious problems but they did not know how to maintain theirs and their businesses were closed. So you should build business plans effectively and reduce risks. Being a success entrepreneur you need be brave to face with pros, research more to find the good solutions. Furthermore an entrepreneur is an independent person to make decisions on their own. You do not feel to be afraid of rejection from other colleagues. And a leader need have ability to persuade employees, partners, and customers  in order to support for your business plans whether challenges will happen to you. Besides, an entrepreneur needs identify opportunities for your business with steps such as: spotting, assessing, selecting and executing upon opportunities. You must be able to spot an unmet need which is potential for business. After sporting unmet need, you need analyze them to assess and determine marginal success of finance and human resources. Next step is selecting opportunities which play an important role to gain success and the last step is executing Upon Opportunities which step is combined among creativity, passion, persistence, focus, responsibility, intelligence, planning and energy. An entrepreneur has to know how to take and select opportunities for them to maintain and develop business day by day (anonymous, n.d).Moreover a leader should build a network system for business because nowadays technology plays a major role in the management and unlimited information. It helps business update and deal with any problems more quickly, exactly as well as save time for everyon e in business. Another advantage of technology is sure that it allows you to monitor progresses and helps limited risks (Tamara ,M n.d ). As we know Steve job is one of the fathers of the personal computing era and the founder of Apple. He has quote in 1996 that: These technologies can make life easier, can let us touch people we might not otherwise. You may have a child with a birth defect and be able to get in touch with other parents and support groups, get medical information, the latest experimental drugs. These things can profoundly influence life. Im not downplaying that or Bill ,G (n.d) said that: information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I dont think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without the talking about the other. Two of famous entrepreneurs emphasize how technology is important in business as well as life nowadays. The third element is experience which is known as the nature of events someone or something has undergone with any jobs will bring for you different skills such as : sales, marketing or managementYou have to face with people , difficult situations which you need to think of giving the best ways to support for your business. However if you do not have much experience in business , the limited information about market, sales, organization, management etc you will be waste of time, give bad solutions. On contrast if you have experience, you will run yours right direction, understand problems and deal with problems more quickly. Of course an entrepreneur really need much experience in order to get to speak to employees and answer all given questions. Doing work with experience you will show your ability, passion, interest, confidence and it will give you a good understanding of your strengths and weakness. As Tom K (n.d) quote that: there are no failures- Just experiences and your reacti ons to them or Donal T (n.d) said that: Experience taught me a few things. One is to listen to your gut, no matter how good something sounds on paper. The second is that youre generally better off sticking with what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are the ones you dont make. Everyone needs experience with each field, it helps us get over difficulty easier and limit risks. Moreover an entrepreneur with much experience will be useful in selecting and recruiting employees in order to provide good human resources for yours through some steps such as: Planning includes: structure, focus, identity, prepare; Implementation includes: contact, motivate, evaluate and the last step is closure which includes : select, offer , candidate joining (anonymous, n.d). With each step your business will recruit many suitable employees for each necessary position in company. Furthermore, if an entrepreneur has much experience, he will build good relationship with partners or customers easier. As Bill, G (n.d) said that: Our success has really been based on partnerships from the very beginning relationship in business is really important for each company and just having experience can assist you to handle good partners. The partners will keep your business going and cooperate together in order to develop, bring benefits and compete with other companies. A  good  business  partnership has clarified responsibilities, expectations and how to cooperate effectively such as: investment, competition and manufacture products or services. Critical use. Entrepreneur is known as a person who runs a company or business. They finance or make decision which belongs to operation of business. All important problems such as: organization, arrangement, open new projects of business need be allowed by an entrepreneur and they need to find solutions when facing with the risks and disadvantages. An entrepreneur has to predict opportunities, make plans and manage the business in order to bring benefits and gain profits for theirs. We can see under framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality which supports more elements to be an entrepreneur. They include: internal locus of control, high need for achievement, moderate risk taking propensity. An entrepreneur must have ability to run business, reduce risks and disadvantages (both Jekyll, I 2005).You often thinks of ideas, innovative strategies and how to implement them to get achievement for company in future. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/summer82/hild1.gif Figure 1: Framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality (Source: signed: DLA 2005 proceedings, Jekyll Island, Georgia, June 5-8, 2005). And One clear example about a successful entrepreneur is Mark Zuckerberg who set up networking site that has widened over the world: Facebook as well as Ceo and president of the business, he is one the youngest billionaires in the world. Mark Zuckerberg was born in a normal family but he showed his intelligence from an early age and was interested in computer programs. With his passion he arrived in Palo Alto in order to apply in college, established a social-networking site and created Facebook which is used popularly nowadays. From his childhood, he really inspired in computer and by following his desire he got achievement noticeably. His father said that Mark Zuckerbergpassion helped him be a successful entrepreneur so the passion plays an important role to get the desires for anyone. As well as Mark Zuckerberg Oprah Wfrey is well-known as the queen of media over the world however she was born in a poor family stayed with her grandmother in Mississippi. She undergoned so many diff iculties in her childhood but with her passion and ability she established her first talk show which was called people are talking in 1976 as well as worked as anchor and news reporter. With her ability, enthusiasm personality, passion she expanded some programs such as: The Oprah Winfrey etc. Besides with her experience she published two magazines: O, the Oprah magazines, O at home and extended her business as well as a partner of Oxygen Media, a cable channel . In the recent year, Oprah Winfrey is rank as one of famous entrepreneurs over the world and became the first Africa-American billionaire woman. All her achievements get today because her passion, ability and experience which help her have strong motivation to succeed. With these evidences, we can see that being an entrepreneur need include many elements and undergone difficult period get success like the. Conclusion. Based on elements which are reminded above we can see that money is not all to be an entrepreneur. Being an entrepreneur need have many different elements to support for running their business. This essay describes and indicates different elements and shows that just money is not enough to become an entrepreneur. These elements are referred such as: the passion, ability, experiences of an entrepreneur with the purpose proves to be a good entrepreneur need collect many faces. They know how to realize an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business to find suitable solutions . As Oprah Winfrey has quotes that: how do I define success? Let me tell you, moneys pretty nice. But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person. What you want is money and meaning. You want your work to be meaningful, because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life Most of successful entrepreneurs have undergone difficulty and get th eir desire with the passion, ability, experience and meaningful money. And one more time I want to assert that being an entrepreneur needs many different elements to be complex and build a prosperous business in future.

Vietnam Veterans and the Bitter Harvest of Agent Orange Essay example -

Vietnam Veterans and the Bitter Harvest of Agent Orange Vietnam veteran Paul Reutershan said on the Today show, â€Å"I died in Vietnam, but I didn’t even know it† (Wilcox x). For the veterans that survived the Vietnam War without major physical injuries, there were still other problems to endure. After the war, many veterans faced disapproval for fighting, serious psychological problems, and for some, diseases believed to be caused by herbicides used in the war. Many veterans didn’t even think that Agent Orange could have been the cause for their diseases since the effects show themselves many years later. Reutershan was the first to publicly attribute his diseases to the herbicide Agent Orange he was exposed to during the Vietnam War. Many veterans, along with Reutershan, sought compensation from the government for diseases they knew were caused by Agent Orange. Agent Orange was an herbicide that was widely used between 1962 and 1971 in Vietnam. The use of Agent Orange and other defoliants was referred to as Operation Ranch Hand. The objective of this operation was to defoliate the lush vegetation of Vietnam and deny cover to the Viet Cong. Agent Orange was regularly sprayed along roads and canals to prevent ambush because trucks commonly used the roads to transport supplies. Operation Ranch Hand employed 1500 soldiers who regularly sprayed defoliants by plane, helicopter, truck, riverboat, and on foot with a backpack (Dunnigan and Nofi 136). The most heavily sprayed areas were the forests near DMZ (demilitarized zone), forests at borders of Cambodia, Laos and South Vietnam, forests of north and northwest Saigon, mangrove forests on the southernmost peninsula of Vietnam, and mangrove forests along the major shipping channels ... ...i. Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You’re Not Supposed to Know. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999. Gibbs, Lois Marie and the Citizens Clearing House for Hazardous Waste. Dying from Dioxin: A Citizen’s Guide to Reclaiming Our Health and Rebuilding Democracy. Boston: South End Press, 1995. Gough, Michael. Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts. New York: Plenum Press, 1986. Morrison, William H. The Elephant and the Tiger: The Full Story of the Vietnam War. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1990. National Veterans Legal Services Program. Self help Guide On Agent Orange: Advice for Vietnam Veterans and Their Families. Washington, D.C.: NVLSP, 1997. Summers, Harry G. Jr. Vietnam War Almanac. New York: Fact on File Publications, 1985. Wilcox, Fred A. Waiting for an Army to Die: The Tragedy of Agent Orange. New York: Random House, 1983.

Analysis Henry V Speech Battle of Harfleur Showing His Power and Role as a Leader Essay

Analysis of Henry’s speech of Harfleur showing his role as a leader and an inspiration Henry’s speech to his men before the battle of Harfleur is one of the most powerful, inspirational speeches of all time. The speech defines Henry as not only a friend unto his men, but also a powerful leader; ‘Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more’, literally meaning to the break in the walls my friends, referring to the walls of Harfleur. Henry is conjuring his men in a rally, including soldiers, noblemen and commoners, with the use of repetition of ‘once more’ to enforce the fact that this is not the first time it has been done, bringing up the memory of the Englishmen’s warlike ancestors of which they aspire to be like, so that they will follow him in his conquest. The speech holds strong wildly exaggerated themes, to shock the public with what would happen if they were not to fight or help Henry in this great cause. The purpose is partly to prove that the men were fighting for a good reason, and so they can have faith in their leader, but also to inspire them to fight the French ‘or close up the wall with our English dead’, ironic as the hole in the wall of Harfleur is enormous and would take thousands of bodies to even half fill but a thought which would not leave you. Henry V is a negotiator, he reasons with his men, suggesting that men must not always fight, that ‘In peace there’s nothing so become a man as stillness and humility’ the soft ‘s’ sibilance adds a calming tone, and paints a picture of the ideal man, of which most men would inspire to be like, who is calm and good humoured. He goes on to contrast this with ‘but when the blast of war blows in our ears’, the onomatopoeic plosive ‘b’ sound is so loud and clear, as is the war with the imagery of ‘blows in our ears’ shows us that even the ideal man cannot ignore this, will not ignore this and that he must turn from the pacifist to the fighter. The metaphorical language depicts the man turning from the civilised human he has become, back to nature with his predatory-like mind and that he must ‘imitate the action of the tiger’ and fight for his worth as an Englishman. Dynamic imperatives are used to directly address the audience, showing Henry’s leadership skills as he is telling them what to do and think ‘stiffen the sinews, conjure up the blood, disguise fair nature with hard-favoured rage’ he is urging his men to change in state, from man to the fighter to a point of uncontrollable anger and ferocity for battle. Similes are used powerfully in addition to these imperatives; ‘like the brass cannon’ referring to the eyeball popping out of ones skull in rage, he is consuming his audience with the passion and rage of war with powerful imagery changing the atmosphere and preparing them for the battle of their lives where they are to prove themselves to the world, wildly exaggerated but very inspiring and puts him in complete control of all of their emotions, defining his status as King and leader. In addition to the metaphorical comparison between human and animal, Henry relates the feelings of war to the processes of nature; ‘galled rock’ the men are hard as rocks, both in physical power and mentality. Other images include the ‘swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean’ proving to his men that it is a natural process for one to be overpowered with rage, especially when it is for a good cause as the one he is suggesting, and that we must take what is ours (France) like the waves take control of the ocean. The men are reduced to powerless bodies; Henry goes on in his speech to control not only their minds but their bodies with ‘set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide’ the strong imagery instinctively makes you do the action which in itself grinds you and makes one feel consumed with rage, this is beyond inspiration, the men are physically empowered by the speech. Furthermore he makes it every man’s duty to their mothers to fight ‘dishonour not your mother. The sentence is short and stands out for clarity as it is an important part of his speech, he wants them to feel guilty if they do not make their mothers, of which have raised them, proud. Onomatopoeic repetition adds rhythm to the speech and commands the men to go forth with their duties with use of ellipsis; ‘on, on’ the choice to go to war is no longer a choice but a factor of life that must happen, the men have turned into the animals of war and have now become ‘noble English’ further inspiring them to be as their forefathers were. For after all their ‘blood is fet from fathers of war proof’ of which they must live up to, and the alliteration of the ‘f’ sound adds dynamicity to the speech, the war has become a physical part of them, it’s in their blood. Not only do the men want to follow in the footsteps of their forefathers, but Henry wants them to make history; ‘teach them how to war. Again another short sentence, he wants them to set the example, be the best men any King could have, slightly blowing his own trumpet there. Strong imagery of England and patriotism is used to make the men feel not only proud of their mothers and the king but also their country ‘the mettle of your pasture’ as England is seen to be fields of green countryside, much like the battlefield in which they fought. To enforce this he uses rhetorical questions ‘swear that you are worth your breeding’ of which every man would swear he is, as part of his ego but also no man wants to feel unworthy. Henry also says that he can see the drive and determination in all of their eyes; ‘noble lustre in your eyes’ metaphorical but inspiring nevertheless, he makes every man feel as though he truly can do it, he is a fighter. A further simile ‘I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips’ the greyhounds being hunting dogs, hungry for power. Follow your spirit and upon this charge’ act on your instincts, don’t think for war is something not of emotion of the weak, and as you do this you must ‘cry â€Å"God for Harry, England and Saint George! †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ a half rhyme with charge the final couplet uses imperatives to state the cause as to which the men are fighting and boosts moral and patriotism, saint George being the patron saint of England, the final push for these men from men to soldiers.

Philosophical Quotes on Art

Philosophical Quotes on Art How to tell an artwork from what is a work of art is not? What is it that makes an object, or a gesture, a work of art? Those questions lie at the core of Philosophy of Art, a major subfield of Aesthetics. Here is a collection of quotes on the subject. Theodor Adorno Art is magic delivered from the lie of being truth. Leonard Bernstein Any great work of art... revives and readapts time and space, and the measure of its success is the extent to which it makes you an inhabitant of that world- the extent to which it invites you in and lets you breathe its strange, special air. Jorge Luis Borges A writer- and, I believe, generally all persons- must think that whatever happens to him or her is a resource. All things have been given to us for a purpose, and an artist must feel this more intensely. All that happens to us, including our humiliations, our misfortunes, our embarrassments, all is given to us as raw material, as clay, so that we may shape our art.​ John Dewey Art is the complement of science. Science as I have said is concerned wholly with relations, not with individuals. Art, on the other hand, is not only the disclosure of the individuality of the artist but also a manifestation of individuality as creative of the future, in an unprecedented response to conditions as they were in the past. Some artists in their vision of what might be but is not, have been conscious rebels. But conscious protest and revolt is not the form which the labor of the artist in creation of the future must necessarily take. Discontent with things as they are is normally the expression of the vision of what may be and is not, art in being the manifestation of individuality is this prophetic vision. Art is not the possession of the few who are recognized writers, painters, musicians; it is the authentic expression of any and all individuality. Those who have the gift of creative expression in unusually large measure disclose the meaning of the individuality of others to those others. In participating in the work of art, they become artists in their activity. They learn to know and honor individuality in whatever form it appears. The fountains of creative activity are discovered and released. The free individuality which is the source of art is also the final source of creative development in time. Eric Fromm The transformation of an atomistic into a communitarian society depends on creating again the opportunity for people to sing together, walk together, dance together, admire together.

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs Anabolic steroids are a class of steroid hormones based on the androgen testosterone. Anabolic steroids are also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS or performance-enhancing drugs. What Do Anabolic Steroids Do? Anabolic steroids increase the rate of protein synthesis within cells. The building of cellular tissue (anabolism) is especially noticeable in muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing effects. They influence masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair. How Are Anabolic Steroids Used as Drugs? Anabolic steroids have been attractive to athletes and bodybuilders because they increase the size and strength of muscles. They also increase aggressiveness and competitiveness, which can be desirable traits in sports. Anabolic steroids may be prescribed to promote appetite, stimulate bone growth, induce male puberty, to lessen the effects of muscle wasting from chronic diseases, such as cancer or AIDS, and may show promise as a male contraceptive. The drugs are available as oral pills, injectable steroids, and skin patches. How Do Anabolic Steroids Work? Anabolic steroids change muscle mass and strength by two processes. First, the steroids lead to an increased production of proteins, which are the building blocks of muscle. The steroids also block the effect of the hormone cortisol on muscle tissue, so that existing muscle is broken down at a slower rate. Additionally, anabolic steroids lead to cells differentiating into muscle more readily than fat. What Are the Risks of Using Anabolic Steroids? In addition to increasing muscle strength and mass, the effects of taking anabolic steroids include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, acne, liver damage, and changes to the structure of the left ventricle of the heart. Anabolic steroids have an androgenic or virilizing effect, meaning they affect male characteristics. Anabolic steroids affect the onset of puberty, the growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children (does not affect the size of the penis in adults), increased the size of the vocal chords and deepening of the voice, increased body hair, and premature baldness in people predisposed to it. Another side effect is decreased fertility and testicular atrophy. Why Are Anabolic Steroids Dangerous for Teens? Many of the side effects of taking performance-enhancing drugs can be countered by combining them with other drugs and exercise and are somewhat reversible in adults. However, anabolic steroid use can have permanent negative consequences if used by adolescents. One side effect can be the early onset of puberty. More significantly, the drugs can stunt growth by prematurely stopping the lengthening of the bones.

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Journal - Assignment Example omic) and ethical (social)- create the transactions or flows which resolve market separations and result in exchange and consumption† (What is Marketing?). A skilled manpower has potential to raise the business in the market but if the skill is not sufficient to convince and persuade the customer’s need then the business finds it difficult to excel in the competitive market. With the advances in technology and development of communication skills, advertisements trends in markets are changing. The good marketing skill requires a deep understanding for the philosophy of the trend and also the customer’s requirement. Thus marketing concept encompasses the customer focused philosophy (What is marketing?). Futuristic view is the hallmark of the good marketing strategy. A successful business always gives a keen insight to the customer’s orientation and tries to cover long range of customers with deep and thorough understanding as well as anticipation of the requirements (What is marketing?). Advent of computerization and globalization in the marketing trends is changing the perspectives of the marketing. The world has come closer in terms of economics, availability of funds, availability of raw material and also the finished products along with the promotion of sales through advertising. This has raised the demands of the consumers and has given a new twist in the marketing strategies. The world markets are connected through internets and are updated about the latest trends (Has the Definition of Marketing Changed?). This has proved to provide both, positive and negative implications on the customers. Every business strive to provide helpful commodities to the customer, to prove its supremacy and dominance in the market they adopt different marketing strategies along with the price tags and various schemes and offers that were not prevalent in the past. Different companies endeavor different policies to retain their customers. This changing scenario is

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization Assignment

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization - Assignment Example According to the research study it is moral obligation of every individual to give back something to the community that has helped the individual to earn a living. Therefore, some people just contribute back to society by providing financial assistance while others dedicate their lives just to serve the ones in need. Non-profit organizations can operate in different fields like medical research, development programs, and health services and so on. The type of NPO that really interests me is Maryland Angels, which is a NPO that conducts research and treatments for cancer patients.   This paper stresses that  starting a non-profit organization is certainly one of the most inspiring way through which one can help those in need and give back to the community. The first and most important thing here is to always remember that serving community is more important than making money. Ironically, monetary contributions are equally important. Hence, the members serving the NPO will have to carefully balance monetary needs. This is also one of the reasons as to why it takes many years to sustain and grow a non-profit entity.  A non-profit organization’s success or failure is totally dependent on its foundations. The stronger the foundations the more people in the society would come forward to contribute.  Making a non-profit organization attractive to donors is probably the most difficult task. Not only has the very survival of the organization is depended on it but also an indication that the society is accepting it.

Teamwork in the multidisciplinary setting. Professional issues Essay

Teamwork in the multidisciplinary setting. Professional issues - Essay Example FORM OF EVIDENCE 9 INTRODUCTION 9 9 10 10 11 LEARNING OUTCOME ONE Multidisciplinary teams – critical analysis Psychiatrist Care Coordinator Advanced mental health practitioner 12 Personal reflection on Multidisciplinary teams 13 References 14 14 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Critical Analysis of the use of Reflection in professional learning 15 References 15 Use of Primary Care Models to enhance care delivery 16 References LOCATION FORM OF EVIDENCE 16 18 LEARNING OUTCOME THREE Ethics 19 References 19 21 LEARNING OUTCOME FOUR Diversity 22 References 22 FINAL REFLECTION ON THE MODULE Course Outcome Number 1: The multi-disciplinary team Reflect on and critically analyse the roles, responsibilities, collaboration and inter-agency working within the multi-disciplinary team. PERSONAL AIM (Course Outcome 1) This first section is concerned with what YOU want to achieve and is based on personal aims that you identify at the start of the module. My personal aim in relation to this outcome was: To comprehend how multidisciplinary teams function and how they establish a coordinated plan of care to meet the patients multiple needs. Please complete one of the following: Where your personal aim was achieved? Please describe how achieving this aim has influenced your practice. Yes it was achieved, and I was able to understand how multidisciplinary teams work with each other and how their different skills when combined eventually achieve favorable patient outcomes. Where your personal aim was not achieved? Please state why you think this aim was not achieved. I believe that my personal aim was not achieved in terms of my assertiveness as part of the team. I did not try a more assertive approach during meetings and was not able to express my role as a member of the team. ACTUAL OUTCOME (Course Outcome 1) This second section concerns what you have achieved, in relation to this learning outcome. It should demonstrate, as comprehensively as possible, how your practice is different as a result of this module. Please list all the evidence that is included under this outcome and where it may be found. How does the evidence support your claim that you have achieved this outcome? What form does the evidence take? Location I established a critical assessment discussing the importance of multidisciplinary teams and to establish a personal reflection of an incident I witnessed while in my placement. References are also indicated in order to support the evidence I used. Critical and reflective accounts and references Page 9-13 Course Outcome Number 2: Nursing Theory Critically analyse the use of reflection in professional learning and the use of Nursing models to enhance care delivery. PERSONAL AIM (Course Outcome 2) This first section is concerned with what YOU want to achieve and is based on personal aims that you identify at the start of the module. My personal aim in relation to this outcome was: To comprehend the importance of reflection and the role of evidence in t he establishment of effective nursing practice. Please complete one of the following: Where your personal aim was achieved? Please describe how achieving this aim has influenced your practice. My personal aim was accomplished because I was able to critically assess the importance of reflection and how it can enhance my practice and learning. The assessment of the self-care model also helped me realize the importance of helping patients become

Libel Essay Example for Free

Libel Essay The civil liberties that the American people have are described as inalienable rights. One of the most important of these rights is the freedom of speech. Yet freedom of speech is not entirely protected; the First Amendment does not protect publishers of libel. Libel is defined as a false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person. The First Amendment provides a great deal of protection to the press in cases involving libel of public figures. This protection is considered necessary to ensure that the government will not restrict the flow of accurate information. The crime of libel has the following elements defamation, publication, the statement must be heard or seen by someone other than victim and source; identification, the statement must somehow identify its intended victim; falsity the statement must, and actual malice. Some of the significant court cases concerning libel are New York Times Co. v Sullivan (1964), Behrendt v. Times Mirror (1938), Pauling v. Globe Democrat (1967), Kervorkian v. American Medical Association (1999), Washington Post v. Kennedy (1924), and Hutchinson v. Proxmire (1979). Defamation is defined as â€Å"the act of injuring someone’s character or reputation by false statements. † [1] Cases of defamation are only considered attacks on if they are made in a vindictive or malicious manner. One of the most important Supreme Court decisions concerning libel of public officials took place in 1964. This case was New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. This case was about the alleged libel of L.B. Sullivan in the New York Times magazine. The magazine published an editorial advertisement entitled, â€Å"Heed Their Rising Voices† by the Committee to Defend Martin Luther King. [2] The full-page advertisement detailed abuses suffered by African American students by the police in Montgomery, Alabama. Even though he was not directly mentioned in the article, L. B. Sullivan, the city commissioner in charge of the police department sued the magazine and four African American individuals listed as officers of the committee. Sullivan demanded retraction from the paper; after not receiving a retraction he sued. At trial, Sullivan argued that advertisements are not protected by the First Amendment and after a brief deliberation, the jury decided in favor of Sullivan awarding him damages of 500,000. [3] The award was upheld by the Alabama Supreme Court. However, the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the decision of the lower courts. The Court declared that, although commercial advertisements may not be protected under the First Amendment, editorial advertisements were. Additionally, the Court ruled that the First and 14th Amendments require a public official suing for defamation to prove that the allegedly defamatory comments were made with â€Å"actual malice that is, with knowledge that if was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not. †[4] With these words the Court added a new criterion to test whether a criticism was punishable. Not only did the words have to be false and cause damage to the person’s reputation, they also had to be made with the knowledge that they were false. The Sullivan decision was hailed as a victory for a free press. Ralph A. Behrend and R. Allen Behrendt both worked at same hospital; LA Times charged Dr. Behrendt with the theft of narcotics and accused him of being an addict until his health had become destroyed. [5] When actually it was Dr. Behrend, a resident doctor who committed the crime. Dr. Behrendt sued and won because the publication involved an attempted reference to an individual so vague that it could refer to more than one person[6] In early 1975, Senator William Proxmire implemented what he called the Golden Fleece Award of the Month. The award was given out to governmental agencies which sponsored programs and research that Proxmire found to be a waste of tax dollars. One Golden Fleece went to federal agencies sponsoring the research of Ronald Hutchinson, a behavioral scientist. Proxmire detailed the nonsense of Hutchinsons research on the floor of the Senate, in conferences with his staff, and in a newsletter sent to over 100,000 of his constituents. Hutchinson sued for libel, arguing that Proxmires statements defamed his character and caused him to endure financial loss and emotional anguish. This case explored the scope of protection afforded members of Congress by the Constitutions Speech and Debate Clause of the Constitution. The Court upheld the decision of the lower courts and held that Proxmires statements in his newsletters and press releases were not protected by the Speech and Debate Clause. However, in upholding this ruling, the Court also found that Proxmires statements were not made with actual malice and thus, were not libelous. Furthermore, the Court decided that Hutchinson was not a public figure since he only gained media attention because of Proxmires actions and did not personally seek it. Because of this, the standard established by New York Times v. Sullivan was not applicable. There are several important points established by this case, first, â€Å"absolute privilege has limits even when public officials utter defamatory statements as part of their perceived official duties, and individuals do not become public officials simply by virtue, nor can they be made public figures by the creation of controversy by someone else.

An Analysis of Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Myself Es

An Analysis of Walt Whitman's Song of Myself `Whitman was always asking questions. He believed that life's goal or cause was a mystery. He was surrounded by people who were drawing distinct lines between right and wrong, rejecting the things in the universe that were not a direct ticket to holiness. Whitman, unlike his contemporaries, embraced the beauty of everything. His mystical perception of the world ushered in the idea that God was to be found in every thing, and that He could never be fully understood. I think that section six of "Song of Myself" captures Whitman's quest for knowing, and his idea that our perceptions of what is, only scratch the surface. How appropriate that he starts this section with a question posed by a child, "What is the grass?" Whitman wants to answer, but realizes that he can't. Nature provides so many opportunities for interpretation. It is, on one hand, the abstract "flag of [his] disposition", but in the next stanza, the more tangible "handkerchief of the Lord." Notice that he "guesses" each time what the grass might be. Whitman would never be so strict as to impose his ideas or beliefs on anyone, or to assume that he was any more right than the next person. In line 110, he says, "O I perceive after all so many uttering tongues!" I love his tolerance, his ability to admit that everything is what we "perceive" it to be, in a world where everyone was bound by rules and laws. Who and where is God in this poem? His first direct reference to God is in the fourth stanza when he suggests that the grass may be a handkerchief of the Lord. He says that it is "A scented gift and remembrancer designedly dropped, / Bearing the owner's name someway in the corners, that... ...of the first self-professed homosexuals in America). The grass then becomes this nurturing thing, as it could be growing from the grave of a baby. He mentions that the grass is too dark to be from the heads or beards of the elderly, which says to me that they are living somewhere as a youth. He later says of the old men and women, "They are alive and well somewhere; / the smallest sprout shows there really is no death...And to die is different from what anyone supposed, and luckier." Whitman then sees the "uttering tongues...[who]...do not come from the roofs of mouths for nothing." This grass, again, is purposed. It is trying to tell us something. It is telling us something. Whitman has painted, for me, a picture of opportunity. Life is whatever you make of it. It is there, purposed, forever new, forever fresh, and it is up to us to learn from it. An Analysis of Walt Whitman's Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Myself Es An Analysis of Walt Whitman's Song of Myself `Whitman was always asking questions. He believed that life's goal or cause was a mystery. He was surrounded by people who were drawing distinct lines between right and wrong, rejecting the things in the universe that were not a direct ticket to holiness. Whitman, unlike his contemporaries, embraced the beauty of everything. His mystical perception of the world ushered in the idea that God was to be found in every thing, and that He could never be fully understood. I think that section six of "Song of Myself" captures Whitman's quest for knowing, and his idea that our perceptions of what is, only scratch the surface. How appropriate that he starts this section with a question posed by a child, "What is the grass?" Whitman wants to answer, but realizes that he can't. Nature provides so many opportunities for interpretation. It is, on one hand, the abstract "flag of [his] disposition", but in the next stanza, the more tangible "handkerchief of the Lord." Notice that he "guesses" each time what the grass might be. Whitman would never be so strict as to impose his ideas or beliefs on anyone, or to assume that he was any more right than the next person. In line 110, he says, "O I perceive after all so many uttering tongues!" I love his tolerance, his ability to admit that everything is what we "perceive" it to be, in a world where everyone was bound by rules and laws. Who and where is God in this poem? His first direct reference to God is in the fourth stanza when he suggests that the grass may be a handkerchief of the Lord. He says that it is "A scented gift and remembrancer designedly dropped, / Bearing the owner's name someway in the corners, that... ...of the first self-professed homosexuals in America). The grass then becomes this nurturing thing, as it could be growing from the grave of a baby. He mentions that the grass is too dark to be from the heads or beards of the elderly, which says to me that they are living somewhere as a youth. He later says of the old men and women, "They are alive and well somewhere; / the smallest sprout shows there really is no death...And to die is different from what anyone supposed, and luckier." Whitman then sees the "uttering tongues...[who]...do not come from the roofs of mouths for nothing." This grass, again, is purposed. It is trying to tell us something. It is telling us something. Whitman has painted, for me, a picture of opportunity. Life is whatever you make of it. It is there, purposed, forever new, forever fresh, and it is up to us to learn from it.

Learning Team Assignment Hardware and Software Essay

This pack of NTC 362 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Hardware and Software Paper comprises: Time Division Multiple Access, Frequency Division, Multiple Access, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Computer Science – General Computer Science Write a 3- to 5-page paper comparing the advantages of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, as used in wireless mobile communications. Define the technical details of each access method, then compare their strengths and weaknesses in system use. Address the following: Explain radio frequency (RF) transmission characteristics. Identify common frequency bands used in current RF communications. Analyze the necessity for different protocols in wireless communications. Compare the challenges of using satellites in end-to-end communications links. There are a lot of things you can do to prepare for college, but it will still hold many surprises for you! This article will offer you some sound advice on how to get through classes, campus life and all the other obstacles that you will encounter in your efforts to reach graduation. This pack of NTC 362 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Hardware and Software Paper comprises: Time Division Multiple Access, Frequency Division, Multiple Access, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Computer Science – General Computer Science Write a 3- to 5-page paper comparing the advantages of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code  Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, as used in wireless mobile communications. Define the technical details of each access method, then compare their strengths and weaknesses in system use. †¦ For downloading more tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/12BtkCD There are a lot of things you can do to prepare for college, but it will still hold many surprises for you! This article will offer you some sound advice on how to get through classes, campus life and all the other obstacles that you will encounter in your efforts to reach graduation. Computer Science – General Computer Science Write a 3- to 5-page paper comparing the advantages of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, as used in wireless mobile communications. Define the technical details of each access method, then compare their strengths and weaknesses in system use. Address the following: Explain radio frequency (RF) transmission characteristics. Identify common frequency bands used in current RF communications.

Assessment Tool Analysis Essay

The purpose of this paper is to examine the tools that evaluate on-physical measures while applying Watson’s Theory of Human caring that integrates the mind-body-spirit dimensions to the three assessment tools chosen. In this paper, I will describe each tool and the population for which it might be useful, assessment tool data such as cost, length and each in using the tool. I will also discuss the population at which it is best designed, and the validity of information gained. In addition, how this tool could enhance the assessment phase of the nursing process and how it impact quality of health care delivered by the nurse will be discussed. These assessment tools will be applied to adolescent and teenage pregnancy chosen in Week Two in the Vulnerable Population and Self- Awareness assignment. Definition of Assessment Tools Assessment is the deliberate and systematic collection of data to determine the client’s current and past health status and functional status and to determine the client’s present and past coping patterns. Nursing assessment include two steps. The first step involves collection and verification of data from a primary source (the client) and secondary sources (e.g., family, health professionals, and medical record) (Potter & Perry, 2005). Assessment tools are the materials needed to establish data collection. Data collected may be subjective (client’s perception) or objective (data measured by collector). Example of objective data includes client’s body language, facial expression, vital signs e.t.c. The three assessment tools chosen for this paper are: Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Well-Being Picture Scale. Beck Depression Inventory There are many assessment and diagnostic tools that either measure  intelligence, aptitudes, achievements, and behaviors so it was no surprise when Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was created in 1961 by Aaron T. Beck, a pioneer in cognitive therapy, with the sole purpose of determining the severity and intensity level of the symptoms of depression. Depression Inventory is defined as a validated measure that has been instrumental in leading to numerous diagnoses due to its most recent revisions that more closely resemble the diagnostic criteria for depression (Farinde, 2013). The Beck Depression Inventory is a widely utilized 21-item self-report scale in both clinical and research studies. The most recent version; The Beck Depression Inventory-11 which is a completely self-administered format, is a depression rating that can be used in individuals that are ages 13 years and older, and rates symptoms of depression in terms of severity on a scale from 0 to 3 based on the 21 specific i tems. Patients that endorse multiple items on the questionnaire (i.e. sadness, pessimism, past failures, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, punishment fears, self-dislike, and so forth) typically have higher scores with a maximum score of 63 compared to others. For the general population, score of 21 or greater is associated with depression but for individuals who have been clinically diagnosed, scores from 0-9 represent minimal depressive symptoms, scores of 17 to 29 indicate moderate depression, and scores of 30 to 63 indicate severe depression (Farinde, 2013). Perceived Stress Scale Stress has long been a major research concept in health science since it is linked to various health outcomes and illnesses, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis (Lee, 2012). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the more popular tools for measuring psychological stress. It is a self-reported questionnaire that was designed to measure â€Å"the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives are stressful.† The Perceived Stress Scale items evaluate the degree to which individuals believe their life has been unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded during the previous month. The assessment items are general in nature rather than focusing on specific events or experiences (Lee, 2012). According to Lee (2012), the original instrument is a 14-item scale (PSS-14) that was developed in English, with 7  positive items and 7 negative items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Five years after the introduction of PSS-14, it was shortened to 10 items (PSS-10). A four-item PSS (PSS-4) was also introduced as a brief version for situations requiring a very short scale of telephone interviews and the PSS is currently translated into 25 languages other than English. The criterion validity of the PSS was evaluated only in a few studies; the criteria used were all questionnaires that showed a weak to moderate association, demonstrating unsatisfactory criterion validity (Lee, 2012). Well-Being Picture Scale The theoretical framework that has guided the investigation of well-being from a Rogerian perspective is based upon the observation and measurement of health-related variables that are unique to the Science of Unitary Human Beings. Rogerian-science derived principles and the concepts of well-being. The term well-being, as a measure of health, is compatible with the concepts and variables that are unique to the development of knowledge (Reis and Alligood, 2008). The Well-Being Picture Scale is a 10-item non-language based pictorial scale that measures general well-being within the unique human environment field process. Each item on the scale has a numeric value of I to 7, with 70 being the maximum score possible and 10 being the lowest score possible. Higher scores indicate higher well-being. Conceptually, the instrument appraises the energy field in regard to frequency and intensity of movement, awareness of oneself as energy, action emanating from the energy field, and power as kno wing participation in change within the mutual human and environmental energy field process. The WPS was reported by all participants to be easily understood (Reis and Alligood, 2008). This scale can be used by all individuals regardless of their ethnic groups. How these tools enhance the assessment phase and quality of health care Using the Beck Depression Inventory in the assessment phase of the nursing process will facilitate and aid the treatment of depression in all ages. This assessment tool will aid the early diagnosis of depression and reduce further complications of depression. Depression is common in Adolescents who are undergoing stress as a result of pregnancy, low self-esteem and diseases. The nurse can affect the quality of health care delivered to patients by reassuring them and referring them to  appropriate health care providers. Using Perceived Stress Scale in the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse is better able to identify patients at higher risk for stress, help these patients to identify and implement coping skills during difficult times. This process improves the quality of patient care and outcome. Pregnant adolescent undergoes a significant amount of stress and challenges as a vulnerable population. Using the Well Being Picture Scale in the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse is better able to detect a patient’s well-being and health. The nurse is able to detect if the patient is healthy or not. This is more of a primary prevention for patients of all ages. This assessment tool is mostly recommended for pregnant women. Health care providers are able to follow up with patients to monitor their wellness or impact of diagnosis on their general health. Application of tools to Adolescent pregnancy Adolescent girls face pressures that are unique to their population and make them especially vulnerable. Girls carry disproportionate domestic world burden and are denied leadership opportunities and active community affairs (Bailey, 2012). These factors made the life of adolescent girls stressful and complicated which could cause depression. Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Well-Being Scale are tools that can be used during the assessment phase of the nursing process in adolescents. Adolescent girls who become pregnant may develop depression while trying to balance school, child, work and relationships, thereby, making all three tools helpful to the nurse during initialInventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Well-Being Scale as assessment tools help facilitate better nurse-patient relationship and better care for our patients References Alligood, M. R., (2010). Nursing Theory: Utilization and Application. (4th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook database Collection. Bailey, L. D., (2012). Adolescent Girls: A Vulnerable Population. Journal of Advances in Neonatal Care, 12(2), 102-106. Retrieved from http://search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/?ctx_ver†¦.. Farinde, A., (2013). The Beck Depression Inventory. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2(1), 56-58. ISSN: 2277-7695. Retrieved from http://www.thepharmajournal.com Lee, E. H., (2012). Review of the Psychometric Evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale. Journal of Asian Nursing Research, 6(4), 121-127. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1507280852?pq-origsite=simmon Potter, P. A. & Perry, A. G. (2005). Fundamentals of Nursing. (6th ed.). MO: Elservier Mosby Reis, P.J., and Alligood , M. R. (2008). Well-Being in Pregnancy: a plot study using the Well-being Picture Scale. Journal of Rogerian Nursing Science, 15(1), 8-17. Retrieved from http://av4kc7fg4g.search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/?ctx_ver†¦.

The nature of technological determinism Essays

The nature of technological determinism Essays The nature of technological determinism Paper The nature of technological determinism Paper Determinism means that things are destined to occur or linked by a divine plan. Philosophically the theory of Determinism states that present conditions are so by neccessity (1972, Popkin, Stroll Kelly). Technological determinism at its extreme believes technology drastically and directly transforms our society and way of living. That technology itself causes social change. Many sociologists disagree with these ideas as they denote the importance of the user, the person, the active and living society. How can technology itself be considered more influencial than those who have developed it? Socio-cultural determinists present technologies and media as entirely subordinate to thier developmental use (webref 1) Similarily Voluntarists promote the idea we choose to use these electronic media, they are simply our tools. Chandler discusses this idea of making the tools neutral within determinism. He argues all these tools and media lend themselves to the experience they were created for. For example a word processor is designed to aid writing, this fact itself suggests the user selects this tool to write because they relate to its function. In other words thier ideas about writing may be closley linked to the tool they use, although the tool itself is empty until something is written. He argues all media give shape to experience, and they do so in part through their selectivity. (web ref 3) Dertouzos (1998) reminds us although the information superhighway is global it does not mean there is not an element of cultural imperialism in this space. English and the ways we learn and select information is embedded into the current climate of the internet. Consider that even the way we understand images varies from culture to culture. As English dominates cyberspace could this be regarded as an aspect of technological determinism? Surely it must be as this reflects our society in the real world. Also consider the fact that it has been western countries who have embraced and nutured this technology. Our western societies still seem to cling to the old ideas of Modernism in many ways. Progress it would seem is now more than ever related to computer technologies. Progress itself is seen to lie within these multimedia domains. Of course technology can change our ways of living. Most of these fantastical technological developments however should be regarded as being achieved by the aide of the computer. Computer-aided design, computer-aided engineering, computer-aided manufacturing. All these developments still require the human element. The computer does not have a mind of its own, unlike in the pessimistic technological world of Bladerunner, it cannot choose its application, it is the human who selects how, if at all, the devices will be applied. I wonder if the only way of determining the true impact technology has on global society is to take it away. Say we do dispose of these technologies, what percentage of the global population will directly and immediately be affected in thier daily lives? Do the technological haves really greatly outnumber the have-nots ? Determinism relies on the premise events occurr out of neccessity but what about thoses peoples whose cultures and lives do not value technology as a neccessity? Is technology really a need or simply a choice? I believe the later.

Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less

Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less By Maeve Maddox My article about the loss of Thou received some comments on the use of could care less instead of couldnt care less. My choice to write Shakespeare could care less was a deliberate one. I felt that could care less was more euphonious than couldnt care less and sounded a bit cheekier. I thought that by now either form of the idiom was acceptable. How wrong can a writer be?! So wrong that a Google search of the phrase could care less garners 1,930,000 hits. Some of the discussions are quite impassioned. Although the newer form of the expression meaning not to care at all has been widely-used for some time, many people still regard it as an uneducated error. Paul Brians, English professor at Washington State University, points out in an interview with Avi Arditti the difficulty of dealing with idioms that are in the process of changing: the problem is that as [a new idiom] evolves, you get caught as a user between people who are going with the new pattern and those who know the old pattern and are comfortable with it. Cautions Brians, some people will disapprove or think less of you if you say it [the new] way. He concludes that speakers and writers may choose to use the newer pattern, but that they do so at a certain risk because people who are bothered by the new pattern may be in a position to hire them, or grade their papers, or reject them as social equals. The Oxford dictionary already recognizes could care less as an American colloquialism. Many people, however, regard it as incorrect since it makes no logical sense (if you could care less it means that you care at least a bit). What do you think about it? Have your say in our Poll! (RSS readers will need to visit the site to take the poll). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†15 Types of Documents40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History Guil Naquitz is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Americas, recognized for its breakthrough discoveries in understanding plant domestication. The site was excavated in the 1970s by KV Flannery, using then-new methods of environmental and ecological sampling, and the results of those sampling techniques and other excavations that followed rewrote what archaeologists had previously understood of the timing of plant domestication. Guil Naquitz is a small cave  occupied at least six times between 8000 and 6500 BC, by hunters and gatherers, probably during the fall (October to December) of the year. The cave is in the Tehuacn valley of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, about 5 kilometers (3 miles) northwest of the town of Mitla. The mouth of the cave opens near the base of a large ignimbrite cliff rising ~300 meters (~1000 feet) above the valley floor. Chronology and Stratigraphy Five natural strata (A-E) were identified in the cave deposits, which extended to a maximum depth of 140 centimeters (55 inches). Unfortunately, only the top strata (A) can be conclusively dated, based on radiocarbon dates from its living floors and pottery which matches Monte Alban IIIB-IV, ca. 700 AD. The dates of the other strata within the cave are to an extent contradictory: but AMS radiocarbon dates on the plant parts discovered within layers B, C, and D have returned dates to nearly 10,000 years ago, well within the Archaic period and, for the time it was discovered, mind-blowingly early. Considerable and heated debate occurred in the 1970s, particularly about the radiocarbon dates from Guila Naquitzs teosinte (precursor to maize) cob fragments, concerns which largely dissipated after similarly old dates for maize were recovered from the San Marcos and Coxcatlan caves in Oaxaca and Puebla, and the Xihuatoxtla site in Guerrero. Macro and Micro Plant Evidence A wide range of plant food was recovered within the cave deposits of Guil Naquitz, including acorns, pinyon, cactus fruits, hackberries, mesquite pods, and most importantly, the wild forms of bottle gourd, squash and beans. Other plants attested at Guila Naquitz chili peppers, amaranth, chenopodium, and agave. This evidence includes plant partspeduncles, seeds, fruits, and rind fragments, but also pollen and phytoliths. Three cobs with plant elements of both  teosinte (the wild progenitor of  maize)  and maize, were found within the deposits and direct-dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to about 5400 years old; they show some signs of domestication. Squash rinds were also radiocarbon dated: they returned dates of approximately 10,000 years ago. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the American Archaic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Benz BF. 2001. Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(4):2105-2106. Crawford GW. 2015. Food Production, Origins of. In: Wright JD, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier. p 300-306. Flannery KV. 1986. Guila Naquitz: Archaic Foraging and Early Agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico. New York: Academic Press. Marcus J, and Flannery KV. 2004. The coevolution of ritual and society: New 14C dates from ancient Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(52):18257–18261. Piperno DR. 2003. A few kernels short of a cob: on the Staller and Thompson late entry scenario for the introduction of maize into northern South America. Journal of Archaeological Science 30(7):831-836. Schoenwetter J. 1974. Pollen Records of Guila Naquitz Cave. American Antiquity 39(2):292-303. Smith BD. 1997. The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago. Science 276(5314):932-934. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013. Maize, beans and the floral isotopic diversity of highland Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):868-873.